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This file contains a mapping of package name to dependency object. #Package.json caret meaning installWhich means that running npm install will generate package-lock.json file if it didn’t exist with the versions from current node_modules. Npm lock file, package-lock.json, is automatically generated for any operations where npm modifies either package.json or the node_modules tree (default as of npm ^5.x.x). Lock files are intended to lock all versions for the entire dependency tree at the time that the lock file is created. It is done by specifying a version, location and integrity hash. Using lock files ensures that each installation results remain identical and reproducible for the entire dependency tree, every single time from anywhere. You can only control express version, but even if you didn’t touch your package.json at all, you may have ended up with a different dependency tree being resolved across two independent executions of npm install. You depend directly on express exact version 4.17.1 -> express depends on body-parser range ~1.17.4 -> body-parser depends on accepts range ~1.3.4 -> etc… #Package.json caret meaning fullSo obviously you’ve decided to specify the exact version of dependencies to be installed, but what about the dependencies of those dependencies, and so on? - you can not control the full dependency tree. ![]() When working on a shared project, with deployment procedure, you want to make sure that anyone who installs the dependencies for the project (developer, CI server etc.), will get the same results every single time. We saw that npm handles versioning and dependencies, what can go wrong?
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